The Art of Electronics

Elektronmusikstudion Sverige

Elektronmusikstudion (EMS), formerly known as Electroacoustic Music in Sweden, is the Swedish national centre for electronic music and sound art. The research organisation started in 1964 and is based in Stockholm.

EMS was raised in 1964 by the Swedish composer Karl Birger Blomdahl, when he started working for the Swedish Radio. In addition to this job he requested for a special studio to allow him to produce electronic music. The Norwegian composer Knut Wiggen became the director of this studio called klangverstan (sound workshop) at first. EMS became independent of the radio in 1969.

Nowadays EMS organises courses, events, artist in residence activities. The organisation owns six studios and also owns a library archive with a large collection of books about electronic music, sound art and related topics.(Wiki)


For video's:
http://www.elektronmusikstudion.se/about/history
 

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Siemens Studio
(1959-1969) as seen in the Deutsches Museum in Munich Germany
The studio equipments in this photograph are also referred as "Siemens synthesizer" in 120 Years of Electronic Music.
(also see: http://www.electricalaudio.com/phpBB3/v ... =5&t=28005)

Check out that wooden chamber reverb.

Video(7!) Munich, Siemens Electronic Music Studio in Deutsches Museum:



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Peter Beyls
Biographic note

Peter Beyls is a Belgian born artist/composer working with computer media since the Seventies. He explores computer programming as a medium for artistic expression and develops generative systems in music, the visual arts and hybrid formats. He studied music and computer science at EMS, Stockholm, the Royal Music Conservatory, Brussels and University College London. Beyls was awarded a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Plymouth UK, for his research on evolutionary computing applied to real-time interactive music systems. He published extensively on various aspects of digital media, including computer assisted composition, real-time systems design, interface design, personal expert systems and, in general, the application of Artificial Intelligence for artistic purposes.

Beyls pioneered the use of cellular automata in the field of computer music while at the VUB AI-Lab. His work was widely exhibited and performed at conferences like Siggraph, ICMC, Imagina, ISCM, Generative Arts and ISEA. Beyls was guest lecturer at a.o. the University of Quebec, California Institute of the Arts, Queens University Kingston and the Osaka Arts University. He currently teaches theory and history of Media Art at The School of Arts, University College Ghent, coordinates research at the KASK Interaction Lab and lectures on Sound Art and Generative Systems at LUCA Brussels.

Approach
I have always thought of computer media as active partners in the creative process, a methodology I have referred to as “conceptual navigation”. Software is written in order to explore my (often ambiguous) intentions. Once an idea is formalised in a program, one can evaluate its imaginative potential by way of the feedback that program provides. Since a program reflects the objectives of the artist, programming is considered a method of artistic introspection. Software is thus instrumental as a functional, materialist means allowing the active manipulation of otherwise purely conceptual constructs.

Over the years, my work has primarily centred on (1) generative systems, including plotter drawings created from genetic algorithms (nested LISP functions viewed as DNA), (2) human-machine interactive music systems using machine-learning and (3) interactive audiovisual installations, many of them using computer-vision.
I am also fascinated by the problem of translating digital/virtual artefacts back into the tangible analog world as to make them available for humans to be experienced. This raises questions of how digital art (1) is connected to the sensual parameters of human physicality and (2) how it can be referenced/understood from the whole of human culture and the massive depth of its history.
(http://hala.be/portfolio/?cat=19)

Peter Beyls - Prints:
http://youtu.be/H6njj2D5M_U
 

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Unit Delta Plus

In 1966-67, Zinovieff, Delia Derbyshire and Brian Hodgson ran Unit Delta Plus, an organisation to create and promote electronic music which was based in the studio Zinovieff had built in a shed at his house in Putney.[7][8]

EMS grew out of MUSYS, a synthesiser system which Zinovieff developed with the help of David Cockerell and Peter Grogono which used two DEC PDP-8 minicomputers and a piano keyboard.[9] In 1969, Zinovieff sought financing through an ad in The Times but received only one response, £50 on the mistaken premise it was the price of a synthesiser. Instead he formed EMS with Cockerell and Tristram Cary.

Jon Lord of Deep Purple described Zinovieff as "a mad professor type": "I was ushered into his workshop and he was in there talking to a computer, trying to get it to answer back". Trevor Pinch and Frank Trocco, in their history of the synthesizer revolution, see him rather as aristocratically averse to "trade".(Wiki)


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Curtis Roads
Curtis Roads (b. 1951) holds a joint appointment as Professor in Media Arts and Technology (MAT) and in Music at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), where he is also Associate Director of the Center for Research in Electronic Art Technology (CREATE). He studied music composition and computer programming at California Institute of the Arts, the University of California, San Diego (BA Summa Cum Laude with Highest Departmental Honors), and the University of Paris VIII (PhD Très honorable avec félicitations). From 1980 to 1986 he was a researcher in computer music at the MIT Media Laboratory. He then taught at the Federico II University of Naples, Harvard University, Oberlin Conservatory, CCMIX (Paris), and the University of Paris VIII. He has led masterclasses at the Australian National Conservatory (Melbourne), Prometeo Laboratorio (Parma), Ionian University (Corfu), Goethe Institute (Rome), Kunitachi College of Music (Tokyo), Royal Conservatory (Aarhus), Catholic University (Porto), and the Zürich University of the Arts, among others. He is co-organizer of international workshops on musical signal processing in Sorrento, Capri, and Santa Barbara (1988, 1991, 1997, 2000). He served on the composition juries of the Ars Electronica (Linz) and the International Electroacoustic Music Competition (Bourges, France). Certain of his compositions feature granular and pulsar synthesis, methods he developed for generating sound from acoustical particles. A cofounder of the International Computer Music Association in 1979, he was Editor of Computer Music Journal (The MIT Press) from 1978 to 1989, and Associate Editor 1990-2000. His books include Foundations of Computer Music (1985, The MIT Press), Composers and the Computer (1985, AR Editions), The Music Machine (1989, The MIT Press), Representations of Musical Signals (1991, The MIT Press), The Computer Music Tutorial (1996, The MIT Press), Musical Signal Processing (co-editor, 1997, Routledge), L’audionumerique (1998, Dunod), The Computer Music Tutorial – Japanese edition (2000, Denki Daigaku Shuppan) and Microsound (2002, The MIT Press), which explores the aesthetics and techniques of composition with sound particles. A revised edition of L’audionumerique was published in 2007. A Chinese version of The Computer Music Tutorial is scheduled for publication in 2010 as a national textbook. His music is available on compact discs produced by Asphodel, MODE, OR, the MIT Media Laboratory, and Wergo. His composition Clang-Tint (1994) was commissioned by the Japan Ministry of Culture (Bunka-cho). His electronic music collection POINT LINE CLOUD won the Award of Distinction at the 2002 Ars Electronica and was released as a CD + DVD on the Asphodel label (San Francisco) in 2005. In 2007 he received a National Science Foundation grant for research in algorithms for sound analysis (dictionary-based pursuit). He is currently completing a new book Composing Electronic Music: A New Aesthetic for Oxford University Press, a revised edition of The Computer Music Tutorial for The MIT Press, and a new set of electronic music.(Bohlen-Pierce)

Publications:
Roads, Curtis (2009). Composing Electronic Music. Oxford University Press. (forthcoming)
Roads, Curtis (2001). Microsound. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-18215-7
Roads, Curtis (1996). The Computer Music Tutorial. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-68082-3
Roads, Curtis (1997). Musical Signal Processing. Routledge. ISBN 90-265-1483-2
Roads, Curtis and Strawn, John, eds (1987). Foundations of Computer Music. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-68051-3

Curtis Roads - nscor (1980, remix 1986):
http://youtu.be/sZjpnttuAiE

nscor is the third piece in a cycle of four related works. It was organized in 1980 at the MIT Experimental Music Studio. The primary sounds material is a collection of sound objects generated from 1975 to 1980 at various studio in La Jolla, Utrecht, Toronto and Cambridge.
For every Studio visited, Curtis Roads used a different computer music system, such as the Music 11 at the MIT or the Project1 at Utrecht.
Many synthesis techniques was adopted: Frequency Modulation, Vosim, Waveshaping, Granular and many others.
The 1986 remix version was realized at Studio Strada in Cambridge.
The first movement of his composition Clang-Tint, "Purity", uses intervals from the Bohlen–Pierce scale.

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Erkki Kurenniemi
(born July 10, 1941 in Hämeenlinna, Finland) is a Finnish designer, philosopher and artist, best known for his electronic music compositions and the electronic instruments he has designed. He is considered one of the leading early pioneers of electronic music in Finland. Kurenniemi is also a science populariser, a futurologist, a pioneer of media culture, and an experimental film-maker.

Kurenniemi completed the majority of his instruments, electronic compositions and experimental films in the 1960s and 1970s. Between 1962 and 1974, he designed and constructed ten electronic instruments and studio devices when he was working as a volunteer assistant at the Department of Musicology at the University of Helsinki, and as designer at Digelius Electronics Finland Oy, founded in 1970. In addition to the Musicology Department, Kurenniemi also worked as assistant and senior designer at the Department of Theoretical Physics from 1962 to 1973. Kurenniemi earned a Bachelor of Sciences degree in 1968.

He subsequently worked as a designer of control systems for industrial robots at Oy W. Rosenlew Ab (1976–1978), and as a designer of industrial automation and robotic systems at Nokia’s cable machinery division (1980–1986). He also worked as a specialist consultant and Head of Planning at the Science Centre Heureka in Vantaa, Finland (1987–1998).

Kurenniemi received the Finland Prize of the Ministry of Education and Culture in 2003. In 2004, he was elected honorary fellow of the University of Art and Design Helsinki.[2] 2011 Kurenniemi received Order of the Lion of Finland medal from The President of Finland Mrs. Tarja Halonen.(Wiki)

'Electronics In The World Of Tomorrow' (1964) by Erkki Kurenniemi:
http://youtu.be/KjpPJugj6SY

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Misschien een leuke note : Hij is een grote inspirator geweest voor de Finse dark-ambient Pan(a)sonic in 't begin heeft ie volgens mij apparatuur voor hun gemaakt (dat zie ik op de eerste werken van Pansonic =>foto's)
 
Dat klopt gjb, Pansonic komt zeker aan bod hier in een later stadium.

Francis Dhomont
(born Paris, France, 2 November 1926) is a French composer of electroacoustic / acousmatic music.

He studied composition under Ginette Waldmeier, Charles Koechlin and Nadia Boulanger. In the late 1940s he intuitively discovered with magnetic wire what Pierre Schaeffer at about the same time came to call musique concrète, consequently conducting solitary experiments with the musical possibilities of sound recording.

In 1963 he decided to dedicate his time to electroacoustic composition utilising natural sounds. Performances in public of his music are done using the French "diffusion" technique over multiple loudspeakers. His work consists exclusively of tape pieces using natural, or "found" sounds, exploring morphological interplay and the ambiguities between sound and the images it may create.

Dhomont's work has won many international awards including at the Bourges International Electroacoustic Music Competition (France), the Magisterium Prize in 1988, Prix Ars Electronica in 1992 (Linz, Austria) and others. In 1997, as the winner of the Canada Council for the Arts' Lynch-Staunton Prize, he was supported by the DAAD for a residence in Berlin. He was recently awarded a prestigious career grant by the Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec . Dhomont is the editor of several electroacoustic music journals, and has produced many radio programs for Radio-Canada and Radio-France.

From 1978 to 2005, he divided his time between France and Québec, where he taught at the Université de Montréal from 1980 to 1996. He was a founding member of the Canadian Electroacoustic Community. He now lives in Avignon (France) and regularly presents his works in France and abroad. A great traveller, he frequently participates in juries.(Wiki)

Francis Dhomont - Cycle du son Mov. 3 "Novars" ,1989:
http://youtu.be/45PQX_2j1Y0

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Guy Reibel
(born 27 October 1936 in Strasbourg, France) is an electronic or acousmatic composer. Made his musical studies at the Conservatoire de Paris. Trained under Olivier Messiaen. He is a pioneer of the Groupe de Recherches Musicales with Pierre Schaeffer, François Bayle, Luc Ferrari, François-Bernard Mâche, Iannis Xenakis, Bernard Parmegiani, Marcelle Deschênes. He has also collaborated with French public broadcasting stations like France Musique and France Culture. He is also cited as the conceptualizer of the Omni.(Wiki)

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Guy Reibel - Variations En Étoile:
http://youtu.be/oiLIF1XkisE
 
Denis Smalley
Denis Smalley studied at the University of Canterbury and Victoria University in his native New Zealand, and later at the Paris Conservatoire with Olivier Messiaen, with the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM), and at the University of York, [1] as well as the University of East Anglia in Norwich and the City University, London in England, where he has lived since 1971.[citation needed] He also studied with Musique concrète pioneer François Bayle.

He initially composed onto tape, but as early as the 1980s realised his works using computer software. His composition Pentes (1974) is regarded as one of the classics of electroacoustic music. Source sounds for his works may come from the environment—and are often the starting point for his pieces—but he may also develop highly sophisticated timbres from scratch using computer software. He describes his approach as "spectromorphological", featuring the development of sounds in time.

A lecturer at the University of East Anglia, England, from 1976 to 1994, he has been professor of music at City University, London since 1994(Wiki)

Denis Smalley - Wind Chimes (1987)
http://youtu.be/g2KcSqiuY3A

"I remember that I’d just set up the gear at home after a major up-grade of equipment many years ago. Wind Chimes was the first CD that I played through it – and I was stunned! They guy who helped me bring the gear home and set it up was unfamiliar with any kind of electroacoustic music, and looked completely helpless when the first loud chime cut through the room like a shining sword!
The growling glare, the resounding clay, the springing of forces, the expansion of force fields, the rattling clatter of tumbling chimes, the sonic equivalence of clashing gravitational forces – the tear and strain of relentless pull… Wind Chimes reaches a purity of detail and a level of craftsmanship seldom heard, even in the deepest realms of today’s most celebrated studios, gallantly delivered by Smalley in 1987; a true masterpiece, a Rembrandt of the audios, difficult lighting and all." (GRM Archive)

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Ricardo Mandolini
born 1950, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

He came to Europe to study at Köln’s Musikhochschule in 1977, then in various European countries and is now a teacher living in France. This LP was the first to be issued on Edition RZ, launched by Berliner curator and art critic Robert Zank in 1982 to document the local Inventionen Festival – with figures like Luigi Nono, Pierre Schaffer/INA-GRM, Mario Bertoncini, Canadian electroacoutic group Sondes, etc. Mandolini’s agenda for electro-acoustic music is more or less the same as Monoton for dub: ‘der Ökonomie der Materialien’, ie: rarefied and self-restrained compositions. Mandolini indeed reduces electroacoustic music to its vital skeleton (the fishbone of music, so to speak) but never forgets structure, dramatization and the evocative power of well chosen sounds. The 4 electronic works included here were created in various European electroacoustic studios between 1979-1981. They’re all based on a few sound sources, usually 2 only. ‘Estallido Breve’, for instance, is build on an increasingly accelarating electronic sound over a slow synthetic percussion rumble, the composition consisting of the articulation of both with occasional additional sounds for drama. ‘Juego De Marionetas’ comprises musique concrete and synthesizer sounds for an evocation of a puppet game where your imagination is left figuring out the games at play. Pressing quality is unbelivably good, arguably one of the most impressive piece of vynil engineering I have ever heard, with virtually nonexistent background noise.(aural delicacies).

Ricardo Mandolini - Fabulas II, 1985:
http://youtu.be/GJAVWJsX7zI

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Åke Parmerud(1953)

Although he originally trained as a photographer ( 1972-74 ) he went on to study music at university and subsequently the Göteborg Conservatory of Music.
In addition to his electro-acoustic and instrumental music, his prolific list of works includes compositions covering a broad cross-section of modern experimental music in the fields of dance, film, interactive art, multi-media, theatre and video.
Åke’s work has been acclaimed since his piece “Proximities” received first prize at the 1978 Bourges International Electroacoustic Music Festival in France. Since then he has received 17 international prizes and 3 major Swedish prizes (see prizes and awards).
On two occasions he has also received the Swedish “grammy” award for Best Classical Album of the Year and his music has represented Swedish Radio twice at The Prix Italia.
He is regularly commissioned to compose works by important international institutions and his works have been presented worldwide. In 1997 his piece “Grains of Voices” was performed at the U.N in New York on United Nations Day.
His music has been released on numerous albums and compilations, and in 1998 he became a member of The Swedish Royal Academy of Music.(http://www.parmerud.com/MediaArtist/Home.html)
Åke Parmerud has composed a number of works comissioned by international institutions in Holland, France, Germany, Norway and Denmark. His music is played worldwide. Åke Parmerud also teaches computermusic and composition at the Lindbladstudio, Gothenburg University.

Åke Parmerud ... SubString Bridge, 1999
http://youtu.be/Jtfaw7-2REY
 

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Here a start for pioneers in the commercial field.
Till now I have placed composers out 'the more institutional field' (universities).
Dick Raaijmakers was already mentioned here.

Raaymakers was born in Maastricht, and studied the piano at the Royal Conservatoire (The Hague). From 1954 to 1960 he worked in the field of electro-acoustic research at Royal Philips Electronics Ltd. in Eindhoven. There, using the alias Kid Baltan, he and Tom Dissevelt, under the name Electrosoniks produced works of popular music by electronic means (which turned out to be the first attempts of their kind in the world). Wiki

Largely unrecognized as one of the most earliest studios producing commercial electronic music, The NatLab was a playground for Dutch tape-wizards Tom Dissevelt & Dick Raaijmakers.
The composer/technician duo were hired by The Philips Company to create incidental and composed music, resulting in a far-out collection of jazz and orchestral pieces mixed with oscillated blips and concrète tape trickery.
While selling their records in American shops labelled as “Sounds from Space”, their output earned high praises from Jean-Jacques Perrey and other electronic innovators.
In the early 60s, Dissevelt was asked by Philips to create an original album consisting of only electronic sound. The composer took it to deep space with Fantasy In Orbit . The LP is now considered one of the earliest examples of minimalist synth/ambient music.

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From their LP 'Electronic Movements', 1958:
http://youtu.be/HW-n6GWFAvI
 
Horacio Vaggione
(born 1943 in Córdoba, Argentina) is an electro-acoustic and musique concrète composer who specializes in micromontage, granular synthesis, and thus microsound and (Landy 1994, p. 148) whose pieces often are for performer and computer-generated tape. He studied composition at the National University in Córdoba and the University of Illinois, where he first gained exposure and access to computers.
Vaggione lives in Europe and visited every electronic studio there during the 1970s. From 1969 to 1973 he lived in Madrid, Spain, and was part of ALEA and co-founded an electronic studio and the Projects Music and Computer at the Autonomous University in Madrid with Luis de Pablo. In 1978 he moved to France, where he still resides, and began work at GMEB in Bourges, INA-GRM and IRCAM in Paris where his music moved from synthesized and sampled loops (as in La Maquina de Cantar, produced on an IBM computer) towards micromontage. Since 1994 he has been Professor of Music University of Paris VIII and organized the CICM(Wiki)

Horacio Vaggione - Consort for Convolved Violins, 2011:


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Robert Ashley
(March 28, 1930 – March 3, 2014)

American composer, who was best known for his operas and other theatrical works, many of which incorporate electronics and extended techniques. Along with Gordon Mumma, Ashley was also a major pioneer of audio synthesis.
He studied at the University of Michigan with Ross Lee Finney, at the Manhattan School of Music, and was later a musician in the US Army. After moving back to Michigan, Ashley worked at the University of Michigan's Speech Research Laboratories. Although he was not officially a student in the acoustic research program there, he was offered the chance to obtain a doctorate, but turned it down to pursue his music. From 1961 to 1969, he organised the ONCE Festival in Ann Arbor with Roger Reynolds, Gordon Mumma, and other local composers and artists. He was a co-founder of the ONCE Group, as well as a member of the Sonic Arts Union, which also included David Behrman, Alvin Lucier, and Gordon Mumma. In 1969 he became director of the San Francisco Tape Music Center. In the 1970s he directed the Mills College Center for Contemporary Music. His notable students include Maggi Payne.

The majority of Ashley's recordings have been released by Lovely Music, which was founded by Performing Artservices, the not-for-profit management organization which represents Ashley and other artists. Ashley's opera Perfect Lives was featured in Peter Greenaway's documentary 4 American Composers. November 2011 will see the release of two new books of Ashley's by Burning Books, a re-staging of his 1967 opera That Morning Thing commissioned by Performa '11, and a number of other performances in New York City as part of a week long festival at Incubator Arts.(Wiki)

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Robert Ashley: Automatic writing (1979):
http://youtu.be/Rh_TC8j_JkE
 
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